An innovative study on low surface energy micronano coatings with multilevel structures for laminar flow design

Laminar flow design is one of the most effective ways to reduce the drag of a commercial aircraft by expanding the laminar flow region on the surface of the aircraft. As material science develops, the emergence of new materials such as low surface energy materials has offered new choices for laminar flow design of commercial aircraft. Different types of low surface energy micro-nano coatings are prepared to verify the effects on the boundary layer transition position and the drag of the airfoil through wind tunnel tests. The infrared thermal imaging technology is adopted for measuring the boundary layer transition, while the momentum integral approach is employed to measure the drag coefficient through a wake rake. Infrared thermal imaging results indicate that the coatings are capable of moving backward the boundary layer transition position at both a low velocity of Mach number 0.15 and a high velocity of Mach number 0.785. Results of the momentum integral approach demonstrate that the drag coefficients are reduced obviously within the cruising angle of attack range from 1° and 5° by introducing the low surface energy micro-nano coating technology.     

A general calculation method to specify center-of-buoyancy for the stratospheric airship with multiple gas cells

As the lighter-than-air (LTA) flight vehicle, the stratospheric airship is a desirable platform to provide communication and surveillance services. During the ascent from sea-level to the mission altitude, the volume of the lifting gas may change significantly, which will result in the change of the center-of-buoyancy (CB). A general calculation method is developed to specify CB for the stratospheric airship with a double-ellipsoid hull and an arbitrary number of the gas cells. The cross-section-integral (CSI) method is used as a basic calculation scenario to specify CB. Considering the complexity in determining the boundary between the helium and air in the gas cell, a searching algorithm is put forward and the specification of CB can be conducted by the iterative calculation. As an important application, the stable condition of the pitch angle is analyzed when the change of CB is involved. Under different initial configurations, the stable pitch angle of the stratospheric airship during the ascent is specified and compared, which shows the advantages of the multi-gas-cell configuration. The results of this paper may provide an important reference for the engineering application of the stratospheric airship.     

U型复合材料结构件热压罐固化变形及补偿技术应用研究

以复合材料U型构件为研究对象,采用数值模拟的方法对U型件进行热压罐温度场的模拟,模拟出在不同时间段工装和工件的温度分布情况,模拟工件在工装传热和变形影响下的内部传热、固化度、最终变形情况和残余应力水平等。根据模拟结果,优化热压罐固化工艺参数,从而改善固化热变形问题,根据分析结果制定补偿方案并实施验证,同时优化工装结构形式,采用工装型面补偿技术对零件固化变形进行预补偿。结果表明,补偿后零件变形后的外形与理论几何外形相差1.37mm,验证了补偿技术的可行性。工装型面补偿技术可以有效提高复合材料结构件的制造精度。     

Numerical analysis of hypersonic thermochemical non-equilibrium environment for an entry configuration in ionized flow

A theoretical methodology for thermochemical non-equilibrium flow combing with the HLLC (Harten-Lax-van Leer Contact) scheme was applied to study the hypersonic thermochemical non-equilibrium environment of an entry configuration in ionized flow. A two-temperature controlling model was utilized and the Gupta’s 11 species (N₂, O₂, NO, O, N, NO⁺, N₂⁺, O₂⁺, N⁺, O⁺, e^?) thermochemical non-equilibrium model was taken. Firstly, numerical calculations of hypersonic thermochemical non-equilibrium environments for different aerodynamic shapes were carried out to verify the reliability of the method above. Then, the method was used to research the effects of ionization and wall catalysis on the hypersonic thermochemical non-equilibrium environment of the entry configuration in ionized flow. The shock stand-off distance can be reduced by thermochemical reactions but doesn’t continue to decrease significantly when ionization occurs. The shock stand-off distance calculated by the 11 species model is 4.2% smaller than that calculated by the 5 species (N₂, O₂, NO, O, N) thermochemical non-equilibrium model without considering ionization. Ionization reduces wall heat flux but increases wall pressure a little. The effect of ionization on aerothermal loads is greater than that of aerodynamic loads. The thermochemical reactions of electrons and ions catalyzed at the wall increase wall heat flux significantly but make a small change in wall pressure. The maximum wall heat flux obtained by only considering the electrons and ions catalyzed at the partially catalytic wall condition is 11.8% less than that calculated at the super-catalytic wall condition.     

Variational Mode Decomposition for Rotating Machinery Condition Monitoring Using Vibration Signals

The failure of rotating machinery applications has major time and cost effects on the industry.Condition monitoring helps to ensure safe operation and also avoids losses.The signal processing method is essential for ensuring both the efficiency and accuracy of the monitoring process.Variational mode decomposition(VMD)is a signal processing method which decomposes a non-stationary signal into sets of variational mode functions(VMFs)adaptively and non-recursively.The VMD method offers improved performance for the condition monitoring of rotating machinery applications.However,determining an accurate number of modes for the VMD method is still considered an open research problem.Therefore,a selection method for determining the number of modes for VMD is proposed by taking advantage of the similarities in concept between the original signal and VMF.Simulated signal and online gearbox vibration signals have been used to validate the performance of the proposed method.The statistical parameters of the signals are extracted from the original signals,VMFs and intrinsic mode functions(IMFs)and have been fed into machine learning algorithms to validate the performance of the VMD method.The results show that the features extracted from VMD are both superior and accurate for the monitoring of rotating machinery.Hence the proposed method offers a new approach for the condition monitoring of rotating machinery applications.     

一种基于求解椭圆型方程的结构动网格生成方法

基于椭圆型网格生成法,实现了一种简单高效的贴体结构动网格生成方法,可用于具有移动边界问题的非定常流动数值模拟。该方法提出,在网格变形过程中,Poisson方程需要的控制网格间距和正交性的源项可以通过提取已知的静态网格源项直接得到,并在整个动网格生成过程中保持不变。因此,在椭圆型网格生成中需要通过外迭代确定源项的过程可以得到省略,而且该方法不需要人工指定参数。这使得方法具有高效和易于嵌入到已有程序中的特点。数值模拟结果证明,采用这种方法获得的网格能够较好地保持静态网格原有的正交性和光滑性,在相同迭代步数约束下,网格求解效率低于传统弹簧模拟法,但鲁棒性优于弹簧模拟法。     

湍流控制屏声学校准及校准精度影响因素

湍流控制屏（TCS）是航空发动机风扇噪声试验必备的试验设施。由于湍流控制屏的作用,风扇前传噪声向远场传播时会产生传递损失。通过对湍流控制屏的声学校准,可以获取湍流控制屏的声学修正量,从而实现对风扇前传噪声的修正。本文结合实际工程应用条件,分析了湍流控制屏重复安装的位置精度、校准声源重复性、稳定性、校准声源位置偏差、温湿度修正等因素对湍流控制屏声学修正量精度的影响;结合上述影响因素,对湍流控制屏160 Hz~40 kHz的声学修正量的特征进行分析,总结工程应用中湍流控制屏高精度声学校准的注意事项,提出湍流控制屏的声学校准应包含测量不确定度。     

SF6分解气的近红外在线检测技术研究

为满足SF6绝缘电气设备故障监测与预警的实际需求,分析了国内分解气检测研究现状.对比近红外与中红外吸收光谱检测技术,提出近红外吸收光谱技术在线检测的技术方案.计算分析待测气体特征谱线的吸收系数、吸收光程和电路信噪比对精度的影响,完成系统参数设计.提出SF6分解气在线检测系统方案,实现对H2S、HF和CO这3种气体测量.数据分析表明,系统检测精度优于5×10-7,表明该系统满足电力行业在线测量的需求.     

利用机载GNSS-R的有效波高反演技术

采用自主研发的多源多宿GNSS-R(Global Navigation Satellite System-Reflections,全球导航卫星系统反射信号)海洋环境遥感探测系统,在天津渤海湾特定区域进行了3次机载校飞试验,获得了大量有效GNSS-R信号数据,对自然条件下的海面有效波高进行了反演处理。该系统通过对接收的GNSS直达信号和海面反射信号进行相关运算处理,可以获得DDM(Delay-Doppler Mapping,时延—多普勒映射)图谱,再利用DCF(Derivative of the Correlation Function,相关函数的导数)在DDM图谱基础上进行相关功率波形的计算,进而通过计算DCF的函数波形宽度得到海面有效波高,验证了该方法的可行性。该方法具有全天时、全天候、高分辨率、低成本等优点,对全球范围内中小尺度海洋状态和物理现象的监测具有重要意义。